Prove order of a group is even











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I am trying to solve this question and wanted to know whether my proof was correct.



Suppose that $n geq 3$, $n$ is odd, $G$ is a non-trivial group and $varphi : D_{2n} rightarrow G$ is a surjective homomorphism.



(a) Prove that $|G|$ is even.
(b) Prove that every proper normal subgroup of $G$ has odd order.



My attempt for a: Since $G$ is not trivial and is equal to $varphi(D_{2n})$, then either $varphi(s) not = 1$ or $varphi(r) not = 1$. If $varphi(s) not = 1$, then we have $varphi(s)^2 = 1$ and we have found an element of order 2 in $G$ so it must be even. If $varphi(r) not = 1, varphi(s) = 1$, then we have that $varphi(sr) = varphi(r^{-1}s) Rightarrow varphi(s)varphi(r) = varphi(r)^{-1}varphi(s) Rightarrow varphi(r) = varphi(r)^{-1} Rightarrow varphi(r)^2 = 1$ and since $varphi(r) not = 1$, we have again found an element of order 2 in $G$.



My attempt for b: I'm not sure about this one, but I first note that by the first isomorphism theorem, $G cong D_{2n}/ker(varphi)$. Any proper normal subgroup of $G$ now has to be isomorphic to one of $D_{2n}/ker(varphi)$. Then, by the fourth isomorphism theorem, it has to be isomorphic to a normal subgroup of $D_{2n}$. Now I don't know how to proceed.










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  • why in the last step you have $phi(r)=phi(r)^{-1}$?
    – mathnoob
    Nov 18 at 2:36










  • Because I assumed $varphi(s) = 1$
    – Kiarash Jamali
    Nov 18 at 2:38















up vote
5
down vote

favorite
1












I am trying to solve this question and wanted to know whether my proof was correct.



Suppose that $n geq 3$, $n$ is odd, $G$ is a non-trivial group and $varphi : D_{2n} rightarrow G$ is a surjective homomorphism.



(a) Prove that $|G|$ is even.
(b) Prove that every proper normal subgroup of $G$ has odd order.



My attempt for a: Since $G$ is not trivial and is equal to $varphi(D_{2n})$, then either $varphi(s) not = 1$ or $varphi(r) not = 1$. If $varphi(s) not = 1$, then we have $varphi(s)^2 = 1$ and we have found an element of order 2 in $G$ so it must be even. If $varphi(r) not = 1, varphi(s) = 1$, then we have that $varphi(sr) = varphi(r^{-1}s) Rightarrow varphi(s)varphi(r) = varphi(r)^{-1}varphi(s) Rightarrow varphi(r) = varphi(r)^{-1} Rightarrow varphi(r)^2 = 1$ and since $varphi(r) not = 1$, we have again found an element of order 2 in $G$.



My attempt for b: I'm not sure about this one, but I first note that by the first isomorphism theorem, $G cong D_{2n}/ker(varphi)$. Any proper normal subgroup of $G$ now has to be isomorphic to one of $D_{2n}/ker(varphi)$. Then, by the fourth isomorphism theorem, it has to be isomorphic to a normal subgroup of $D_{2n}$. Now I don't know how to proceed.










share|cite|improve this question
























  • why in the last step you have $phi(r)=phi(r)^{-1}$?
    – mathnoob
    Nov 18 at 2:36










  • Because I assumed $varphi(s) = 1$
    – Kiarash Jamali
    Nov 18 at 2:38













up vote
5
down vote

favorite
1









up vote
5
down vote

favorite
1






1





I am trying to solve this question and wanted to know whether my proof was correct.



Suppose that $n geq 3$, $n$ is odd, $G$ is a non-trivial group and $varphi : D_{2n} rightarrow G$ is a surjective homomorphism.



(a) Prove that $|G|$ is even.
(b) Prove that every proper normal subgroup of $G$ has odd order.



My attempt for a: Since $G$ is not trivial and is equal to $varphi(D_{2n})$, then either $varphi(s) not = 1$ or $varphi(r) not = 1$. If $varphi(s) not = 1$, then we have $varphi(s)^2 = 1$ and we have found an element of order 2 in $G$ so it must be even. If $varphi(r) not = 1, varphi(s) = 1$, then we have that $varphi(sr) = varphi(r^{-1}s) Rightarrow varphi(s)varphi(r) = varphi(r)^{-1}varphi(s) Rightarrow varphi(r) = varphi(r)^{-1} Rightarrow varphi(r)^2 = 1$ and since $varphi(r) not = 1$, we have again found an element of order 2 in $G$.



My attempt for b: I'm not sure about this one, but I first note that by the first isomorphism theorem, $G cong D_{2n}/ker(varphi)$. Any proper normal subgroup of $G$ now has to be isomorphic to one of $D_{2n}/ker(varphi)$. Then, by the fourth isomorphism theorem, it has to be isomorphic to a normal subgroup of $D_{2n}$. Now I don't know how to proceed.










share|cite|improve this question















I am trying to solve this question and wanted to know whether my proof was correct.



Suppose that $n geq 3$, $n$ is odd, $G$ is a non-trivial group and $varphi : D_{2n} rightarrow G$ is a surjective homomorphism.



(a) Prove that $|G|$ is even.
(b) Prove that every proper normal subgroup of $G$ has odd order.



My attempt for a: Since $G$ is not trivial and is equal to $varphi(D_{2n})$, then either $varphi(s) not = 1$ or $varphi(r) not = 1$. If $varphi(s) not = 1$, then we have $varphi(s)^2 = 1$ and we have found an element of order 2 in $G$ so it must be even. If $varphi(r) not = 1, varphi(s) = 1$, then we have that $varphi(sr) = varphi(r^{-1}s) Rightarrow varphi(s)varphi(r) = varphi(r)^{-1}varphi(s) Rightarrow varphi(r) = varphi(r)^{-1} Rightarrow varphi(r)^2 = 1$ and since $varphi(r) not = 1$, we have again found an element of order 2 in $G$.



My attempt for b: I'm not sure about this one, but I first note that by the first isomorphism theorem, $G cong D_{2n}/ker(varphi)$. Any proper normal subgroup of $G$ now has to be isomorphic to one of $D_{2n}/ker(varphi)$. Then, by the fourth isomorphism theorem, it has to be isomorphic to a normal subgroup of $D_{2n}$. Now I don't know how to proceed.







abstract-algebra group-theory finite-groups dihedral-groups






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edited Nov 18 at 2:43

























asked Nov 18 at 2:30









Kiarash Jamali

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  • why in the last step you have $phi(r)=phi(r)^{-1}$?
    – mathnoob
    Nov 18 at 2:36










  • Because I assumed $varphi(s) = 1$
    – Kiarash Jamali
    Nov 18 at 2:38


















  • why in the last step you have $phi(r)=phi(r)^{-1}$?
    – mathnoob
    Nov 18 at 2:36










  • Because I assumed $varphi(s) = 1$
    – Kiarash Jamali
    Nov 18 at 2:38
















why in the last step you have $phi(r)=phi(r)^{-1}$?
– mathnoob
Nov 18 at 2:36




why in the last step you have $phi(r)=phi(r)^{-1}$?
– mathnoob
Nov 18 at 2:36












Because I assumed $varphi(s) = 1$
– Kiarash Jamali
Nov 18 at 2:38




Because I assumed $varphi(s) = 1$
– Kiarash Jamali
Nov 18 at 2:38










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accepted










Now take any proper normal subgroup $H$ of $D_{2n}$. What you have proved is that $D_{2n}/H$ has even order. say $2m$.



Now $|D_{2n}|=|D_{2n}/H||H|=2n Rightarrow 2m|H|=2n Rightarrow m|H|=n$



Since $n$ is odd, $|H|$ is also odd. So any proper normal subgroups of $D_{2n}$ have odd order if $n$ is odd.






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    up vote
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    down vote



    accepted










    Now take any proper normal subgroup $H$ of $D_{2n}$. What you have proved is that $D_{2n}/H$ has even order. say $2m$.



    Now $|D_{2n}|=|D_{2n}/H||H|=2n Rightarrow 2m|H|=2n Rightarrow m|H|=n$



    Since $n$ is odd, $|H|$ is also odd. So any proper normal subgroups of $D_{2n}$ have odd order if $n$ is odd.






    share|cite|improve this answer



























      up vote
      1
      down vote



      accepted










      Now take any proper normal subgroup $H$ of $D_{2n}$. What you have proved is that $D_{2n}/H$ has even order. say $2m$.



      Now $|D_{2n}|=|D_{2n}/H||H|=2n Rightarrow 2m|H|=2n Rightarrow m|H|=n$



      Since $n$ is odd, $|H|$ is also odd. So any proper normal subgroups of $D_{2n}$ have odd order if $n$ is odd.






      share|cite|improve this answer

























        up vote
        1
        down vote



        accepted







        up vote
        1
        down vote



        accepted






        Now take any proper normal subgroup $H$ of $D_{2n}$. What you have proved is that $D_{2n}/H$ has even order. say $2m$.



        Now $|D_{2n}|=|D_{2n}/H||H|=2n Rightarrow 2m|H|=2n Rightarrow m|H|=n$



        Since $n$ is odd, $|H|$ is also odd. So any proper normal subgroups of $D_{2n}$ have odd order if $n$ is odd.






        share|cite|improve this answer














        Now take any proper normal subgroup $H$ of $D_{2n}$. What you have proved is that $D_{2n}/H$ has even order. say $2m$.



        Now $|D_{2n}|=|D_{2n}/H||H|=2n Rightarrow 2m|H|=2n Rightarrow m|H|=n$



        Since $n$ is odd, $|H|$ is also odd. So any proper normal subgroups of $D_{2n}$ have odd order if $n$ is odd.







        share|cite|improve this answer














        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer








        edited Nov 18 at 14:32

























        answered Nov 18 at 6:39









        Offlaw

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