A tricky contour integral.











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Let $f$ be holomorphic on a domain $D$ containing $overline{D}(0,1)$, and $gamma$ be the positively oriented circular contour centred at 0 of radius 1. Prove that
$$
frac{1}{2 pi i} int_{gamma} frac{overline{f(z)}}{(z-z_0)} dz=
begin{cases} overline{f(0)} &mbox{if} ,, |z_0|<1, \
overline{f(0)}-overline{f(1/ overline{z_0})} &mbox{if},, |z_0|>1.
end{cases}
$$



In the previous part of the question I was asked to prove that for a continuous function $phi:A={zinmathbb{C}:|z|=1}rightarrowmathbb{C}$ and $gamma$ as above,



$$overline{int_{gamma}phi(z),, dz} = -int_{gamma} overline{phi(z)},,frac{dz}{z^2}$$



which I've already done. So it's reasonable to think that the above would help solve the integral (perhaps along with Cauchy's Integral Formula) for the different cases of $z_0$ but I don't know how to get to a point where I can use it.



I've seen some suggestions of a variable change from $z$ to $1/z$ as $overline{f(bar{z})}$ is in fact holomorphic and so continuous on A since for $|z|=1 ,,bar{z}=1/z$ by the identity $bar{z}z=|z|^2$ but I don't know how to implement the change of variables on a contour integral because we haven't been taught how to do so yet which leads me to think that maybe it isn't what they want us to do.



Any guidance would be appreciated. Thank you in advance.










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    up vote
    1
    down vote

    favorite
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    Let $f$ be holomorphic on a domain $D$ containing $overline{D}(0,1)$, and $gamma$ be the positively oriented circular contour centred at 0 of radius 1. Prove that
    $$
    frac{1}{2 pi i} int_{gamma} frac{overline{f(z)}}{(z-z_0)} dz=
    begin{cases} overline{f(0)} &mbox{if} ,, |z_0|<1, \
    overline{f(0)}-overline{f(1/ overline{z_0})} &mbox{if},, |z_0|>1.
    end{cases}
    $$



    In the previous part of the question I was asked to prove that for a continuous function $phi:A={zinmathbb{C}:|z|=1}rightarrowmathbb{C}$ and $gamma$ as above,



    $$overline{int_{gamma}phi(z),, dz} = -int_{gamma} overline{phi(z)},,frac{dz}{z^2}$$



    which I've already done. So it's reasonable to think that the above would help solve the integral (perhaps along with Cauchy's Integral Formula) for the different cases of $z_0$ but I don't know how to get to a point where I can use it.



    I've seen some suggestions of a variable change from $z$ to $1/z$ as $overline{f(bar{z})}$ is in fact holomorphic and so continuous on A since for $|z|=1 ,,bar{z}=1/z$ by the identity $bar{z}z=|z|^2$ but I don't know how to implement the change of variables on a contour integral because we haven't been taught how to do so yet which leads me to think that maybe it isn't what they want us to do.



    Any guidance would be appreciated. Thank you in advance.










    share|cite|improve this question


























      up vote
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      down vote

      favorite
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      3





      Let $f$ be holomorphic on a domain $D$ containing $overline{D}(0,1)$, and $gamma$ be the positively oriented circular contour centred at 0 of radius 1. Prove that
      $$
      frac{1}{2 pi i} int_{gamma} frac{overline{f(z)}}{(z-z_0)} dz=
      begin{cases} overline{f(0)} &mbox{if} ,, |z_0|<1, \
      overline{f(0)}-overline{f(1/ overline{z_0})} &mbox{if},, |z_0|>1.
      end{cases}
      $$



      In the previous part of the question I was asked to prove that for a continuous function $phi:A={zinmathbb{C}:|z|=1}rightarrowmathbb{C}$ and $gamma$ as above,



      $$overline{int_{gamma}phi(z),, dz} = -int_{gamma} overline{phi(z)},,frac{dz}{z^2}$$



      which I've already done. So it's reasonable to think that the above would help solve the integral (perhaps along with Cauchy's Integral Formula) for the different cases of $z_0$ but I don't know how to get to a point where I can use it.



      I've seen some suggestions of a variable change from $z$ to $1/z$ as $overline{f(bar{z})}$ is in fact holomorphic and so continuous on A since for $|z|=1 ,,bar{z}=1/z$ by the identity $bar{z}z=|z|^2$ but I don't know how to implement the change of variables on a contour integral because we haven't been taught how to do so yet which leads me to think that maybe it isn't what they want us to do.



      Any guidance would be appreciated. Thank you in advance.










      share|cite|improve this question















      Let $f$ be holomorphic on a domain $D$ containing $overline{D}(0,1)$, and $gamma$ be the positively oriented circular contour centred at 0 of radius 1. Prove that
      $$
      frac{1}{2 pi i} int_{gamma} frac{overline{f(z)}}{(z-z_0)} dz=
      begin{cases} overline{f(0)} &mbox{if} ,, |z_0|<1, \
      overline{f(0)}-overline{f(1/ overline{z_0})} &mbox{if},, |z_0|>1.
      end{cases}
      $$



      In the previous part of the question I was asked to prove that for a continuous function $phi:A={zinmathbb{C}:|z|=1}rightarrowmathbb{C}$ and $gamma$ as above,



      $$overline{int_{gamma}phi(z),, dz} = -int_{gamma} overline{phi(z)},,frac{dz}{z^2}$$



      which I've already done. So it's reasonable to think that the above would help solve the integral (perhaps along with Cauchy's Integral Formula) for the different cases of $z_0$ but I don't know how to get to a point where I can use it.



      I've seen some suggestions of a variable change from $z$ to $1/z$ as $overline{f(bar{z})}$ is in fact holomorphic and so continuous on A since for $|z|=1 ,,bar{z}=1/z$ by the identity $bar{z}z=|z|^2$ but I don't know how to implement the change of variables on a contour integral because we haven't been taught how to do so yet which leads me to think that maybe it isn't what they want us to do.



      Any guidance would be appreciated. Thank you in advance.







      complex-analysis contour-integration






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      edited Nov 18 at 12:04

























      asked Nov 18 at 10:07









      MathWolf

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      569






















          1 Answer
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          One of the quickest way to show this is to use power series. If $|zeta|<1$, we may write
          $frac{1}{z-zeta} = sum_{j=0}^infty frac{zeta^j}{z^{j+1}}$, and if $|zeta|>1$, then we have $frac{1}{z-zeta} = -sum_{j=0}^infty frac{z^j}{zeta^{j+1}}.$ Note that $overline{z} = z^{-1}$ on the unit circle and
          $$frac{1}{2pi i}int_gamma z^k dz = 1_{{k=-1}}.$$
          Let $f(z) = sum_{i=0}^infty a_i z^i$. In case $|zeta|<1$,
          $$
          frac{1}{2pi i} int_gamma left(sum_{i,jgeq 0} overline{a_i}z^{-i-j-1}zeta^jright) dz = overline{a_0} = overline{f(0)}.
          $$

          Otherwise,
          $$
          -frac{1}{2pi i} int_gamma left(sum_{i,jgeq 0} overline{a_i}z^{-i+j}zeta^{-j-1}right) dz = -sum_{j=0}^infty overline{a_{j+1}}zeta^{-j-1} = -overline{f(frac{1}{overline{zeta}})} + f(0),
          $$
          as desired.






          share|cite|improve this answer





















          • We've only just started doing power series in complex analysis so this is a little too advanced for me at this point. But thank you for taking the time.
            – MathWolf
            Nov 18 at 14:05











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          up vote
          2
          down vote













          One of the quickest way to show this is to use power series. If $|zeta|<1$, we may write
          $frac{1}{z-zeta} = sum_{j=0}^infty frac{zeta^j}{z^{j+1}}$, and if $|zeta|>1$, then we have $frac{1}{z-zeta} = -sum_{j=0}^infty frac{z^j}{zeta^{j+1}}.$ Note that $overline{z} = z^{-1}$ on the unit circle and
          $$frac{1}{2pi i}int_gamma z^k dz = 1_{{k=-1}}.$$
          Let $f(z) = sum_{i=0}^infty a_i z^i$. In case $|zeta|<1$,
          $$
          frac{1}{2pi i} int_gamma left(sum_{i,jgeq 0} overline{a_i}z^{-i-j-1}zeta^jright) dz = overline{a_0} = overline{f(0)}.
          $$

          Otherwise,
          $$
          -frac{1}{2pi i} int_gamma left(sum_{i,jgeq 0} overline{a_i}z^{-i+j}zeta^{-j-1}right) dz = -sum_{j=0}^infty overline{a_{j+1}}zeta^{-j-1} = -overline{f(frac{1}{overline{zeta}})} + f(0),
          $$
          as desired.






          share|cite|improve this answer





















          • We've only just started doing power series in complex analysis so this is a little too advanced for me at this point. But thank you for taking the time.
            – MathWolf
            Nov 18 at 14:05















          up vote
          2
          down vote













          One of the quickest way to show this is to use power series. If $|zeta|<1$, we may write
          $frac{1}{z-zeta} = sum_{j=0}^infty frac{zeta^j}{z^{j+1}}$, and if $|zeta|>1$, then we have $frac{1}{z-zeta} = -sum_{j=0}^infty frac{z^j}{zeta^{j+1}}.$ Note that $overline{z} = z^{-1}$ on the unit circle and
          $$frac{1}{2pi i}int_gamma z^k dz = 1_{{k=-1}}.$$
          Let $f(z) = sum_{i=0}^infty a_i z^i$. In case $|zeta|<1$,
          $$
          frac{1}{2pi i} int_gamma left(sum_{i,jgeq 0} overline{a_i}z^{-i-j-1}zeta^jright) dz = overline{a_0} = overline{f(0)}.
          $$

          Otherwise,
          $$
          -frac{1}{2pi i} int_gamma left(sum_{i,jgeq 0} overline{a_i}z^{-i+j}zeta^{-j-1}right) dz = -sum_{j=0}^infty overline{a_{j+1}}zeta^{-j-1} = -overline{f(frac{1}{overline{zeta}})} + f(0),
          $$
          as desired.






          share|cite|improve this answer





















          • We've only just started doing power series in complex analysis so this is a little too advanced for me at this point. But thank you for taking the time.
            – MathWolf
            Nov 18 at 14:05













          up vote
          2
          down vote










          up vote
          2
          down vote









          One of the quickest way to show this is to use power series. If $|zeta|<1$, we may write
          $frac{1}{z-zeta} = sum_{j=0}^infty frac{zeta^j}{z^{j+1}}$, and if $|zeta|>1$, then we have $frac{1}{z-zeta} = -sum_{j=0}^infty frac{z^j}{zeta^{j+1}}.$ Note that $overline{z} = z^{-1}$ on the unit circle and
          $$frac{1}{2pi i}int_gamma z^k dz = 1_{{k=-1}}.$$
          Let $f(z) = sum_{i=0}^infty a_i z^i$. In case $|zeta|<1$,
          $$
          frac{1}{2pi i} int_gamma left(sum_{i,jgeq 0} overline{a_i}z^{-i-j-1}zeta^jright) dz = overline{a_0} = overline{f(0)}.
          $$

          Otherwise,
          $$
          -frac{1}{2pi i} int_gamma left(sum_{i,jgeq 0} overline{a_i}z^{-i+j}zeta^{-j-1}right) dz = -sum_{j=0}^infty overline{a_{j+1}}zeta^{-j-1} = -overline{f(frac{1}{overline{zeta}})} + f(0),
          $$
          as desired.






          share|cite|improve this answer












          One of the quickest way to show this is to use power series. If $|zeta|<1$, we may write
          $frac{1}{z-zeta} = sum_{j=0}^infty frac{zeta^j}{z^{j+1}}$, and if $|zeta|>1$, then we have $frac{1}{z-zeta} = -sum_{j=0}^infty frac{z^j}{zeta^{j+1}}.$ Note that $overline{z} = z^{-1}$ on the unit circle and
          $$frac{1}{2pi i}int_gamma z^k dz = 1_{{k=-1}}.$$
          Let $f(z) = sum_{i=0}^infty a_i z^i$. In case $|zeta|<1$,
          $$
          frac{1}{2pi i} int_gamma left(sum_{i,jgeq 0} overline{a_i}z^{-i-j-1}zeta^jright) dz = overline{a_0} = overline{f(0)}.
          $$

          Otherwise,
          $$
          -frac{1}{2pi i} int_gamma left(sum_{i,jgeq 0} overline{a_i}z^{-i+j}zeta^{-j-1}right) dz = -sum_{j=0}^infty overline{a_{j+1}}zeta^{-j-1} = -overline{f(frac{1}{overline{zeta}})} + f(0),
          $$
          as desired.







          share|cite|improve this answer












          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer










          answered Nov 18 at 12:10









          Song

          84011




          84011












          • We've only just started doing power series in complex analysis so this is a little too advanced for me at this point. But thank you for taking the time.
            – MathWolf
            Nov 18 at 14:05


















          • We've only just started doing power series in complex analysis so this is a little too advanced for me at this point. But thank you for taking the time.
            – MathWolf
            Nov 18 at 14:05
















          We've only just started doing power series in complex analysis so this is a little too advanced for me at this point. But thank you for taking the time.
          – MathWolf
          Nov 18 at 14:05




          We've only just started doing power series in complex analysis so this is a little too advanced for me at this point. But thank you for taking the time.
          – MathWolf
          Nov 18 at 14:05


















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