Did the Apollo astronauts ever take any medications while on their mission in order to calm their nerves?
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Are there any indications that Apollo astronauts took any medication to overcome conditions like fear or claustrophobia? Or did NASA rely purely on training to prepare the astronauts for situations in which average people might have simply freaked out?
astronauts
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up vote
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Are there any indications that Apollo astronauts took any medication to overcome conditions like fear or claustrophobia? Or did NASA rely purely on training to prepare the astronauts for situations in which average people might have simply freaked out?
astronauts
New contributor
22
Since most of the Apollo crews were test pilots suspect those with any tendency to panic or freeze were already dead. The list of medication carried is at history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_18-42_Apollo_Medical_Kits.htm but would involve digging deeper to find out what was used (decongestants have been mentioned). some answers at history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/…
– GremlinWranger
Nov 13 at 12:23
4
NASA has always been touchy about giving out medical information on the crew.
– Organic Marble
Nov 13 at 15:05
1
@uhoh : Yes. You have to have been born with the natural genetic aptitude to not get into fear, so this probably won't change until we can develop transhumanist bio-engineering technologies, dinking around with the wetware so to speak. Like the climber Alex Honnold (look up if don't know) - his natural disposition would suit astronaut perfectly, and that's who you want to find for these missions.
– The_Sympathizer
Nov 14 at 4:33
1
Taking medication to overcome conditions like fear or claustrophobia or to calm their nerves would result in an astronaut unfit for flight, especially for emergency situations. Just read the paper within the medication box about risks and adverse effects.
– Uwe
2 days ago
add a comment |
up vote
39
down vote
favorite
up vote
39
down vote
favorite
Are there any indications that Apollo astronauts took any medication to overcome conditions like fear or claustrophobia? Or did NASA rely purely on training to prepare the astronauts for situations in which average people might have simply freaked out?
astronauts
New contributor
Are there any indications that Apollo astronauts took any medication to overcome conditions like fear or claustrophobia? Or did NASA rely purely on training to prepare the astronauts for situations in which average people might have simply freaked out?
astronauts
astronauts
New contributor
New contributor
edited Nov 13 at 13:57
uhoh
32.1k15111396
32.1k15111396
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asked Nov 13 at 10:56
chris
196126
196126
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New contributor
22
Since most of the Apollo crews were test pilots suspect those with any tendency to panic or freeze were already dead. The list of medication carried is at history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_18-42_Apollo_Medical_Kits.htm but would involve digging deeper to find out what was used (decongestants have been mentioned). some answers at history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/…
– GremlinWranger
Nov 13 at 12:23
4
NASA has always been touchy about giving out medical information on the crew.
– Organic Marble
Nov 13 at 15:05
1
@uhoh : Yes. You have to have been born with the natural genetic aptitude to not get into fear, so this probably won't change until we can develop transhumanist bio-engineering technologies, dinking around with the wetware so to speak. Like the climber Alex Honnold (look up if don't know) - his natural disposition would suit astronaut perfectly, and that's who you want to find for these missions.
– The_Sympathizer
Nov 14 at 4:33
1
Taking medication to overcome conditions like fear or claustrophobia or to calm their nerves would result in an astronaut unfit for flight, especially for emergency situations. Just read the paper within the medication box about risks and adverse effects.
– Uwe
2 days ago
add a comment |
22
Since most of the Apollo crews were test pilots suspect those with any tendency to panic or freeze were already dead. The list of medication carried is at history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_18-42_Apollo_Medical_Kits.htm but would involve digging deeper to find out what was used (decongestants have been mentioned). some answers at history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/…
– GremlinWranger
Nov 13 at 12:23
4
NASA has always been touchy about giving out medical information on the crew.
– Organic Marble
Nov 13 at 15:05
1
@uhoh : Yes. You have to have been born with the natural genetic aptitude to not get into fear, so this probably won't change until we can develop transhumanist bio-engineering technologies, dinking around with the wetware so to speak. Like the climber Alex Honnold (look up if don't know) - his natural disposition would suit astronaut perfectly, and that's who you want to find for these missions.
– The_Sympathizer
Nov 14 at 4:33
1
Taking medication to overcome conditions like fear or claustrophobia or to calm their nerves would result in an astronaut unfit for flight, especially for emergency situations. Just read the paper within the medication box about risks and adverse effects.
– Uwe
2 days ago
22
22
Since most of the Apollo crews were test pilots suspect those with any tendency to panic or freeze were already dead. The list of medication carried is at history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_18-42_Apollo_Medical_Kits.htm but would involve digging deeper to find out what was used (decongestants have been mentioned). some answers at history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/…
– GremlinWranger
Nov 13 at 12:23
Since most of the Apollo crews were test pilots suspect those with any tendency to panic or freeze were already dead. The list of medication carried is at history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_18-42_Apollo_Medical_Kits.htm but would involve digging deeper to find out what was used (decongestants have been mentioned). some answers at history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/…
– GremlinWranger
Nov 13 at 12:23
4
4
NASA has always been touchy about giving out medical information on the crew.
– Organic Marble
Nov 13 at 15:05
NASA has always been touchy about giving out medical information on the crew.
– Organic Marble
Nov 13 at 15:05
1
1
@uhoh : Yes. You have to have been born with the natural genetic aptitude to not get into fear, so this probably won't change until we can develop transhumanist bio-engineering technologies, dinking around with the wetware so to speak. Like the climber Alex Honnold (look up if don't know) - his natural disposition would suit astronaut perfectly, and that's who you want to find for these missions.
– The_Sympathizer
Nov 14 at 4:33
@uhoh : Yes. You have to have been born with the natural genetic aptitude to not get into fear, so this probably won't change until we can develop transhumanist bio-engineering technologies, dinking around with the wetware so to speak. Like the climber Alex Honnold (look up if don't know) - his natural disposition would suit astronaut perfectly, and that's who you want to find for these missions.
– The_Sympathizer
Nov 14 at 4:33
1
1
Taking medication to overcome conditions like fear or claustrophobia or to calm their nerves would result in an astronaut unfit for flight, especially for emergency situations. Just read the paper within the medication box about risks and adverse effects.
– Uwe
2 days ago
Taking medication to overcome conditions like fear or claustrophobia or to calm their nerves would result in an astronaut unfit for flight, especially for emergency situations. Just read the paper within the medication box about risks and adverse effects.
– Uwe
2 days ago
add a comment |
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
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up vote
72
down vote
From the Apollo Program Summary Report:
All missions used skin cream to treat irritation caused by the biosensors.
Apollo 7: All three crew members developed colds (which led to the infamous "mutiny"). All three were treated with aspirin and Actifed, and did not wear helmets during re-entry.
Apollo 8:
After the Commander's symptoms of motion sickness dissipated, he experienced symptoms of an inflight illness believed to be unrelated to motion sickness. When the Commander was unable to fall asleep 2 hours into his initial rest period, he took a sleeping tablet (Seconal) which induced approximately 5 hours of sleep, described as "fitful." Upon awakening, the Commander felt nauseated and had a moderate occipital headache. He took two aspirin tablets and then went from the sleep station to his couch to rest. The nausea, however, became progressively worse and he vomited twice. After termination of the first sleep period, the Commander also became aware of some increased gastrointestinal distress and was concerned that diarrhea might occur. No medication was taken for this illness, which was described as a "24-hour intestinal flu." (Just prior to launch, an epidemic of acute viral gastroenteritis lasting 24 hours was present in the Cape Kennedy area.)
page 8-8
Apollo 9: Prior to launch, all 3 astronauts developed colds, and the launch was postponed 3 days. During the mission, the Lunar Module Pilot developed motion sickness, vomited twice, and took Seconal several times for sleep.
Apollo 10: Aspirin was taken by the crewmen for intestinal gas. The problem was later traced to hydrogen bubbles in the drinking water.
Apollo 11: Armstrong and Aldrin each took one Lomotil tablet prior to landing on the lunar surface, to prevent bowel movements. All three took aspirin occasionally, and took scopolamine/dextroamphetamine for motion sickness prior to and after splashdown.
Apollo 12: All 3 crewmen occasionally took Actifed for nasal decongestion and aspirin. The Lunar Module Pilot also took Seconal to aid sleep.
Apollo 13: The Lunar Module Pilot took two aspirin for a headache, and later vomited. The Command Module Pilot took Lomotil (which I find odd, as Lomotil is for diarrhea, but he had a urinary tract infection). All three took scopolamine/dextroamphetamine for motion sickness prior to re-entry.
Apollo 14: The only medication used was nose drops for nasal stuffiness. I'm a little surprised that the guys on the moon didn't take something for anxiety:
The lunar module crewmen received little, if any, sleep between their two extravehicular activity periods. The lack of an adequate place to rest the head, discomfort of the pressure suit, and a 7-degree starboard list of the lunar module on the lunar terrain were believed responsible for the lack of sleep. The crewmen looked out the window several times during the sleep period for reassurance that the lunar module was not starting to tip over.
page 8-7
Apollo 15: After developing shoulder pain caused by deep core drilling, the Commander took 14 aspirin. The Command Module Pilot used nose drops prior to re-entry to avoid middle ear blockage.
Apollo 16: Prior to each of the three days on the moon, the Lunar Module pilot took one Seconal to get to sleep.
Apollo 17: This mission carried more medications that the others. All three crewmen used Seconal occasionally for sleep, and simethicone for flatulence caused by the drinking water bubbles. On day 2, the Commander substituted scopolamine/dextroamphetamine for simethicone when he could not locate the latter. The Command Module Pilot and Lunar Module Pilot each took a Lomotil after a loose bowel movement.
Therefore, Seconal would be the medicine of choice for anxiety, and was actually used several times as a sleep aid.
8
14 Aspirin? That's like 4 days of dosage...
– Nelson
Nov 14 at 2:25
7
@Nelson hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/ap15mr.pdf confirms, a total of 14 aspirin but doesn't specify over what window. Normal dosage is "325 to 650 mg every three-four hours up to 6 times a day" If the pills were common 150 milligram size then thats only 2100 mg total and could be consumed in 9 hours.
– Criggie
Nov 14 at 2:57
5
@Nelson: "The Commander took 14 aspirin tablets during the last 4 days of the mission to relieve pain in his right shoulder that had developed after difficult deep core tube drilling on the lunar surface."
– Dr Sheldon
Nov 14 at 5:46
3
Also, post-flight: "The Apollo 15 Commander had hemorrhages under some of his fingernails of both hands and a painful right shoulder. These hemorrhages were attributed to an insufficient arm-length size of his pressure suit which caused the fingertips to be forced too far into the gloves during hardsuit operations. The painful right shoulder was due to a muscular/ligament strain which responded rapidly to heat therapy."
– Dr Sheldon
Nov 14 at 5:49
5
@Criggie I looked up a random UK supermarket aspirin and it was 300mg per pill and said that a dose was 1-3 pills, not more than every four hours and not more than 4 doses in 24hrs. So, yeah, it's possible to take a lot of aspirin pills in a short time, and even more with medical advice, which the Apollo astronauts would have had plenty of access to.
– David Richerby
2 days ago
|
show 7 more comments
up vote
18
down vote
Fear and claustrophobia are not in-flight issues.
- astronauts spend years training inside spacecraft mockups, any claustrophobia issues will have surfaced before flight.
- Fear is mitigated by training for every possible emergency. During launch, astronauts are calm because they know what to do if anything bad should happen (source: lecture by astronaut André Kuipers).
People who have fear and anxiety issues wash out during training, or conquer their fears.
We're looking for long answers that provide some explanation and context. Don't just give a one-line answer; explain why your answer is right, ideally with citations. Answers that don't include explanations may be removed.
8
This answer does provide some explanation and context. It is not a one-line answer. I should not be removed.
– Uwe
yesterday
add a comment |
up vote
4
down vote
"Calm their nerves" is a rather vague term. Severe space motion sickness is a major factor in space flight, and can be completely debilitating. This is a form of nervous system over-activity. Many of the drugs used to treat it on the flight line are mild relaxants, and commonly deployed.
Good review of space motion sickness in Lackner, J.R. & DiZio, P. Exp Brain Res (2006) 175: 377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0697-y
OK review of treatments in Davis, et al., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine [01 Mar 1993, 64(3 Pt 1):230-233]
@uhoh OP said "beyond my understanding", so I asked what he didn't understand. What's the better way to ask the question?
– RonJohn
yesterday
@RonJohn Well, since no one had used the expression "inflammatory wording" yet in reference to the original question, it would have been better if you had said something along these lines: "It comes across as inflammatory because...." The way you asked it comes across as passive-aggressive.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
@called2voyage the question's edit history shows this comment: "replaced 'drugs' with less inflammatory wording".
– RonJohn
yesterday
@RonJohn I wouldn't expect the OP to have seen the edit label.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
1
@RonJohn In any case, I don't think continuing this discussion is fruitful. The point is that you crossed a line. Please try to reframe your dialogue in the future.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
|
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3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
72
down vote
From the Apollo Program Summary Report:
All missions used skin cream to treat irritation caused by the biosensors.
Apollo 7: All three crew members developed colds (which led to the infamous "mutiny"). All three were treated with aspirin and Actifed, and did not wear helmets during re-entry.
Apollo 8:
After the Commander's symptoms of motion sickness dissipated, he experienced symptoms of an inflight illness believed to be unrelated to motion sickness. When the Commander was unable to fall asleep 2 hours into his initial rest period, he took a sleeping tablet (Seconal) which induced approximately 5 hours of sleep, described as "fitful." Upon awakening, the Commander felt nauseated and had a moderate occipital headache. He took two aspirin tablets and then went from the sleep station to his couch to rest. The nausea, however, became progressively worse and he vomited twice. After termination of the first sleep period, the Commander also became aware of some increased gastrointestinal distress and was concerned that diarrhea might occur. No medication was taken for this illness, which was described as a "24-hour intestinal flu." (Just prior to launch, an epidemic of acute viral gastroenteritis lasting 24 hours was present in the Cape Kennedy area.)
page 8-8
Apollo 9: Prior to launch, all 3 astronauts developed colds, and the launch was postponed 3 days. During the mission, the Lunar Module Pilot developed motion sickness, vomited twice, and took Seconal several times for sleep.
Apollo 10: Aspirin was taken by the crewmen for intestinal gas. The problem was later traced to hydrogen bubbles in the drinking water.
Apollo 11: Armstrong and Aldrin each took one Lomotil tablet prior to landing on the lunar surface, to prevent bowel movements. All three took aspirin occasionally, and took scopolamine/dextroamphetamine for motion sickness prior to and after splashdown.
Apollo 12: All 3 crewmen occasionally took Actifed for nasal decongestion and aspirin. The Lunar Module Pilot also took Seconal to aid sleep.
Apollo 13: The Lunar Module Pilot took two aspirin for a headache, and later vomited. The Command Module Pilot took Lomotil (which I find odd, as Lomotil is for diarrhea, but he had a urinary tract infection). All three took scopolamine/dextroamphetamine for motion sickness prior to re-entry.
Apollo 14: The only medication used was nose drops for nasal stuffiness. I'm a little surprised that the guys on the moon didn't take something for anxiety:
The lunar module crewmen received little, if any, sleep between their two extravehicular activity periods. The lack of an adequate place to rest the head, discomfort of the pressure suit, and a 7-degree starboard list of the lunar module on the lunar terrain were believed responsible for the lack of sleep. The crewmen looked out the window several times during the sleep period for reassurance that the lunar module was not starting to tip over.
page 8-7
Apollo 15: After developing shoulder pain caused by deep core drilling, the Commander took 14 aspirin. The Command Module Pilot used nose drops prior to re-entry to avoid middle ear blockage.
Apollo 16: Prior to each of the three days on the moon, the Lunar Module pilot took one Seconal to get to sleep.
Apollo 17: This mission carried more medications that the others. All three crewmen used Seconal occasionally for sleep, and simethicone for flatulence caused by the drinking water bubbles. On day 2, the Commander substituted scopolamine/dextroamphetamine for simethicone when he could not locate the latter. The Command Module Pilot and Lunar Module Pilot each took a Lomotil after a loose bowel movement.
Therefore, Seconal would be the medicine of choice for anxiety, and was actually used several times as a sleep aid.
8
14 Aspirin? That's like 4 days of dosage...
– Nelson
Nov 14 at 2:25
7
@Nelson hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/ap15mr.pdf confirms, a total of 14 aspirin but doesn't specify over what window. Normal dosage is "325 to 650 mg every three-four hours up to 6 times a day" If the pills were common 150 milligram size then thats only 2100 mg total and could be consumed in 9 hours.
– Criggie
Nov 14 at 2:57
5
@Nelson: "The Commander took 14 aspirin tablets during the last 4 days of the mission to relieve pain in his right shoulder that had developed after difficult deep core tube drilling on the lunar surface."
– Dr Sheldon
Nov 14 at 5:46
3
Also, post-flight: "The Apollo 15 Commander had hemorrhages under some of his fingernails of both hands and a painful right shoulder. These hemorrhages were attributed to an insufficient arm-length size of his pressure suit which caused the fingertips to be forced too far into the gloves during hardsuit operations. The painful right shoulder was due to a muscular/ligament strain which responded rapidly to heat therapy."
– Dr Sheldon
Nov 14 at 5:49
5
@Criggie I looked up a random UK supermarket aspirin and it was 300mg per pill and said that a dose was 1-3 pills, not more than every four hours and not more than 4 doses in 24hrs. So, yeah, it's possible to take a lot of aspirin pills in a short time, and even more with medical advice, which the Apollo astronauts would have had plenty of access to.
– David Richerby
2 days ago
|
show 7 more comments
up vote
72
down vote
From the Apollo Program Summary Report:
All missions used skin cream to treat irritation caused by the biosensors.
Apollo 7: All three crew members developed colds (which led to the infamous "mutiny"). All three were treated with aspirin and Actifed, and did not wear helmets during re-entry.
Apollo 8:
After the Commander's symptoms of motion sickness dissipated, he experienced symptoms of an inflight illness believed to be unrelated to motion sickness. When the Commander was unable to fall asleep 2 hours into his initial rest period, he took a sleeping tablet (Seconal) which induced approximately 5 hours of sleep, described as "fitful." Upon awakening, the Commander felt nauseated and had a moderate occipital headache. He took two aspirin tablets and then went from the sleep station to his couch to rest. The nausea, however, became progressively worse and he vomited twice. After termination of the first sleep period, the Commander also became aware of some increased gastrointestinal distress and was concerned that diarrhea might occur. No medication was taken for this illness, which was described as a "24-hour intestinal flu." (Just prior to launch, an epidemic of acute viral gastroenteritis lasting 24 hours was present in the Cape Kennedy area.)
page 8-8
Apollo 9: Prior to launch, all 3 astronauts developed colds, and the launch was postponed 3 days. During the mission, the Lunar Module Pilot developed motion sickness, vomited twice, and took Seconal several times for sleep.
Apollo 10: Aspirin was taken by the crewmen for intestinal gas. The problem was later traced to hydrogen bubbles in the drinking water.
Apollo 11: Armstrong and Aldrin each took one Lomotil tablet prior to landing on the lunar surface, to prevent bowel movements. All three took aspirin occasionally, and took scopolamine/dextroamphetamine for motion sickness prior to and after splashdown.
Apollo 12: All 3 crewmen occasionally took Actifed for nasal decongestion and aspirin. The Lunar Module Pilot also took Seconal to aid sleep.
Apollo 13: The Lunar Module Pilot took two aspirin for a headache, and later vomited. The Command Module Pilot took Lomotil (which I find odd, as Lomotil is for diarrhea, but he had a urinary tract infection). All three took scopolamine/dextroamphetamine for motion sickness prior to re-entry.
Apollo 14: The only medication used was nose drops for nasal stuffiness. I'm a little surprised that the guys on the moon didn't take something for anxiety:
The lunar module crewmen received little, if any, sleep between their two extravehicular activity periods. The lack of an adequate place to rest the head, discomfort of the pressure suit, and a 7-degree starboard list of the lunar module on the lunar terrain were believed responsible for the lack of sleep. The crewmen looked out the window several times during the sleep period for reassurance that the lunar module was not starting to tip over.
page 8-7
Apollo 15: After developing shoulder pain caused by deep core drilling, the Commander took 14 aspirin. The Command Module Pilot used nose drops prior to re-entry to avoid middle ear blockage.
Apollo 16: Prior to each of the three days on the moon, the Lunar Module pilot took one Seconal to get to sleep.
Apollo 17: This mission carried more medications that the others. All three crewmen used Seconal occasionally for sleep, and simethicone for flatulence caused by the drinking water bubbles. On day 2, the Commander substituted scopolamine/dextroamphetamine for simethicone when he could not locate the latter. The Command Module Pilot and Lunar Module Pilot each took a Lomotil after a loose bowel movement.
Therefore, Seconal would be the medicine of choice for anxiety, and was actually used several times as a sleep aid.
8
14 Aspirin? That's like 4 days of dosage...
– Nelson
Nov 14 at 2:25
7
@Nelson hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/ap15mr.pdf confirms, a total of 14 aspirin but doesn't specify over what window. Normal dosage is "325 to 650 mg every three-four hours up to 6 times a day" If the pills were common 150 milligram size then thats only 2100 mg total and could be consumed in 9 hours.
– Criggie
Nov 14 at 2:57
5
@Nelson: "The Commander took 14 aspirin tablets during the last 4 days of the mission to relieve pain in his right shoulder that had developed after difficult deep core tube drilling on the lunar surface."
– Dr Sheldon
Nov 14 at 5:46
3
Also, post-flight: "The Apollo 15 Commander had hemorrhages under some of his fingernails of both hands and a painful right shoulder. These hemorrhages were attributed to an insufficient arm-length size of his pressure suit which caused the fingertips to be forced too far into the gloves during hardsuit operations. The painful right shoulder was due to a muscular/ligament strain which responded rapidly to heat therapy."
– Dr Sheldon
Nov 14 at 5:49
5
@Criggie I looked up a random UK supermarket aspirin and it was 300mg per pill and said that a dose was 1-3 pills, not more than every four hours and not more than 4 doses in 24hrs. So, yeah, it's possible to take a lot of aspirin pills in a short time, and even more with medical advice, which the Apollo astronauts would have had plenty of access to.
– David Richerby
2 days ago
|
show 7 more comments
up vote
72
down vote
up vote
72
down vote
From the Apollo Program Summary Report:
All missions used skin cream to treat irritation caused by the biosensors.
Apollo 7: All three crew members developed colds (which led to the infamous "mutiny"). All three were treated with aspirin and Actifed, and did not wear helmets during re-entry.
Apollo 8:
After the Commander's symptoms of motion sickness dissipated, he experienced symptoms of an inflight illness believed to be unrelated to motion sickness. When the Commander was unable to fall asleep 2 hours into his initial rest period, he took a sleeping tablet (Seconal) which induced approximately 5 hours of sleep, described as "fitful." Upon awakening, the Commander felt nauseated and had a moderate occipital headache. He took two aspirin tablets and then went from the sleep station to his couch to rest. The nausea, however, became progressively worse and he vomited twice. After termination of the first sleep period, the Commander also became aware of some increased gastrointestinal distress and was concerned that diarrhea might occur. No medication was taken for this illness, which was described as a "24-hour intestinal flu." (Just prior to launch, an epidemic of acute viral gastroenteritis lasting 24 hours was present in the Cape Kennedy area.)
page 8-8
Apollo 9: Prior to launch, all 3 astronauts developed colds, and the launch was postponed 3 days. During the mission, the Lunar Module Pilot developed motion sickness, vomited twice, and took Seconal several times for sleep.
Apollo 10: Aspirin was taken by the crewmen for intestinal gas. The problem was later traced to hydrogen bubbles in the drinking water.
Apollo 11: Armstrong and Aldrin each took one Lomotil tablet prior to landing on the lunar surface, to prevent bowel movements. All three took aspirin occasionally, and took scopolamine/dextroamphetamine for motion sickness prior to and after splashdown.
Apollo 12: All 3 crewmen occasionally took Actifed for nasal decongestion and aspirin. The Lunar Module Pilot also took Seconal to aid sleep.
Apollo 13: The Lunar Module Pilot took two aspirin for a headache, and later vomited. The Command Module Pilot took Lomotil (which I find odd, as Lomotil is for diarrhea, but he had a urinary tract infection). All three took scopolamine/dextroamphetamine for motion sickness prior to re-entry.
Apollo 14: The only medication used was nose drops for nasal stuffiness. I'm a little surprised that the guys on the moon didn't take something for anxiety:
The lunar module crewmen received little, if any, sleep between their two extravehicular activity periods. The lack of an adequate place to rest the head, discomfort of the pressure suit, and a 7-degree starboard list of the lunar module on the lunar terrain were believed responsible for the lack of sleep. The crewmen looked out the window several times during the sleep period for reassurance that the lunar module was not starting to tip over.
page 8-7
Apollo 15: After developing shoulder pain caused by deep core drilling, the Commander took 14 aspirin. The Command Module Pilot used nose drops prior to re-entry to avoid middle ear blockage.
Apollo 16: Prior to each of the three days on the moon, the Lunar Module pilot took one Seconal to get to sleep.
Apollo 17: This mission carried more medications that the others. All three crewmen used Seconal occasionally for sleep, and simethicone for flatulence caused by the drinking water bubbles. On day 2, the Commander substituted scopolamine/dextroamphetamine for simethicone when he could not locate the latter. The Command Module Pilot and Lunar Module Pilot each took a Lomotil after a loose bowel movement.
Therefore, Seconal would be the medicine of choice for anxiety, and was actually used several times as a sleep aid.
From the Apollo Program Summary Report:
All missions used skin cream to treat irritation caused by the biosensors.
Apollo 7: All three crew members developed colds (which led to the infamous "mutiny"). All three were treated with aspirin and Actifed, and did not wear helmets during re-entry.
Apollo 8:
After the Commander's symptoms of motion sickness dissipated, he experienced symptoms of an inflight illness believed to be unrelated to motion sickness. When the Commander was unable to fall asleep 2 hours into his initial rest period, he took a sleeping tablet (Seconal) which induced approximately 5 hours of sleep, described as "fitful." Upon awakening, the Commander felt nauseated and had a moderate occipital headache. He took two aspirin tablets and then went from the sleep station to his couch to rest. The nausea, however, became progressively worse and he vomited twice. After termination of the first sleep period, the Commander also became aware of some increased gastrointestinal distress and was concerned that diarrhea might occur. No medication was taken for this illness, which was described as a "24-hour intestinal flu." (Just prior to launch, an epidemic of acute viral gastroenteritis lasting 24 hours was present in the Cape Kennedy area.)
page 8-8
Apollo 9: Prior to launch, all 3 astronauts developed colds, and the launch was postponed 3 days. During the mission, the Lunar Module Pilot developed motion sickness, vomited twice, and took Seconal several times for sleep.
Apollo 10: Aspirin was taken by the crewmen for intestinal gas. The problem was later traced to hydrogen bubbles in the drinking water.
Apollo 11: Armstrong and Aldrin each took one Lomotil tablet prior to landing on the lunar surface, to prevent bowel movements. All three took aspirin occasionally, and took scopolamine/dextroamphetamine for motion sickness prior to and after splashdown.
Apollo 12: All 3 crewmen occasionally took Actifed for nasal decongestion and aspirin. The Lunar Module Pilot also took Seconal to aid sleep.
Apollo 13: The Lunar Module Pilot took two aspirin for a headache, and later vomited. The Command Module Pilot took Lomotil (which I find odd, as Lomotil is for diarrhea, but he had a urinary tract infection). All three took scopolamine/dextroamphetamine for motion sickness prior to re-entry.
Apollo 14: The only medication used was nose drops for nasal stuffiness. I'm a little surprised that the guys on the moon didn't take something for anxiety:
The lunar module crewmen received little, if any, sleep between their two extravehicular activity periods. The lack of an adequate place to rest the head, discomfort of the pressure suit, and a 7-degree starboard list of the lunar module on the lunar terrain were believed responsible for the lack of sleep. The crewmen looked out the window several times during the sleep period for reassurance that the lunar module was not starting to tip over.
page 8-7
Apollo 15: After developing shoulder pain caused by deep core drilling, the Commander took 14 aspirin. The Command Module Pilot used nose drops prior to re-entry to avoid middle ear blockage.
Apollo 16: Prior to each of the three days on the moon, the Lunar Module pilot took one Seconal to get to sleep.
Apollo 17: This mission carried more medications that the others. All three crewmen used Seconal occasionally for sleep, and simethicone for flatulence caused by the drinking water bubbles. On day 2, the Commander substituted scopolamine/dextroamphetamine for simethicone when he could not locate the latter. The Command Module Pilot and Lunar Module Pilot each took a Lomotil after a loose bowel movement.
Therefore, Seconal would be the medicine of choice for anxiety, and was actually used several times as a sleep aid.
edited yesterday
SQB
1477
1477
answered Nov 13 at 15:22
Dr Sheldon
2,394833
2,394833
8
14 Aspirin? That's like 4 days of dosage...
– Nelson
Nov 14 at 2:25
7
@Nelson hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/ap15mr.pdf confirms, a total of 14 aspirin but doesn't specify over what window. Normal dosage is "325 to 650 mg every three-four hours up to 6 times a day" If the pills were common 150 milligram size then thats only 2100 mg total and could be consumed in 9 hours.
– Criggie
Nov 14 at 2:57
5
@Nelson: "The Commander took 14 aspirin tablets during the last 4 days of the mission to relieve pain in his right shoulder that had developed after difficult deep core tube drilling on the lunar surface."
– Dr Sheldon
Nov 14 at 5:46
3
Also, post-flight: "The Apollo 15 Commander had hemorrhages under some of his fingernails of both hands and a painful right shoulder. These hemorrhages were attributed to an insufficient arm-length size of his pressure suit which caused the fingertips to be forced too far into the gloves during hardsuit operations. The painful right shoulder was due to a muscular/ligament strain which responded rapidly to heat therapy."
– Dr Sheldon
Nov 14 at 5:49
5
@Criggie I looked up a random UK supermarket aspirin and it was 300mg per pill and said that a dose was 1-3 pills, not more than every four hours and not more than 4 doses in 24hrs. So, yeah, it's possible to take a lot of aspirin pills in a short time, and even more with medical advice, which the Apollo astronauts would have had plenty of access to.
– David Richerby
2 days ago
|
show 7 more comments
8
14 Aspirin? That's like 4 days of dosage...
– Nelson
Nov 14 at 2:25
7
@Nelson hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/ap15mr.pdf confirms, a total of 14 aspirin but doesn't specify over what window. Normal dosage is "325 to 650 mg every three-four hours up to 6 times a day" If the pills were common 150 milligram size then thats only 2100 mg total and could be consumed in 9 hours.
– Criggie
Nov 14 at 2:57
5
@Nelson: "The Commander took 14 aspirin tablets during the last 4 days of the mission to relieve pain in his right shoulder that had developed after difficult deep core tube drilling on the lunar surface."
– Dr Sheldon
Nov 14 at 5:46
3
Also, post-flight: "The Apollo 15 Commander had hemorrhages under some of his fingernails of both hands and a painful right shoulder. These hemorrhages were attributed to an insufficient arm-length size of his pressure suit which caused the fingertips to be forced too far into the gloves during hardsuit operations. The painful right shoulder was due to a muscular/ligament strain which responded rapidly to heat therapy."
– Dr Sheldon
Nov 14 at 5:49
5
@Criggie I looked up a random UK supermarket aspirin and it was 300mg per pill and said that a dose was 1-3 pills, not more than every four hours and not more than 4 doses in 24hrs. So, yeah, it's possible to take a lot of aspirin pills in a short time, and even more with medical advice, which the Apollo astronauts would have had plenty of access to.
– David Richerby
2 days ago
8
8
14 Aspirin? That's like 4 days of dosage...
– Nelson
Nov 14 at 2:25
14 Aspirin? That's like 4 days of dosage...
– Nelson
Nov 14 at 2:25
7
7
@Nelson hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/ap15mr.pdf confirms, a total of 14 aspirin but doesn't specify over what window. Normal dosage is "325 to 650 mg every three-four hours up to 6 times a day" If the pills were common 150 milligram size then thats only 2100 mg total and could be consumed in 9 hours.
– Criggie
Nov 14 at 2:57
@Nelson hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/ap15mr.pdf confirms, a total of 14 aspirin but doesn't specify over what window. Normal dosage is "325 to 650 mg every three-four hours up to 6 times a day" If the pills were common 150 milligram size then thats only 2100 mg total and could be consumed in 9 hours.
– Criggie
Nov 14 at 2:57
5
5
@Nelson: "The Commander took 14 aspirin tablets during the last 4 days of the mission to relieve pain in his right shoulder that had developed after difficult deep core tube drilling on the lunar surface."
– Dr Sheldon
Nov 14 at 5:46
@Nelson: "The Commander took 14 aspirin tablets during the last 4 days of the mission to relieve pain in his right shoulder that had developed after difficult deep core tube drilling on the lunar surface."
– Dr Sheldon
Nov 14 at 5:46
3
3
Also, post-flight: "The Apollo 15 Commander had hemorrhages under some of his fingernails of both hands and a painful right shoulder. These hemorrhages were attributed to an insufficient arm-length size of his pressure suit which caused the fingertips to be forced too far into the gloves during hardsuit operations. The painful right shoulder was due to a muscular/ligament strain which responded rapidly to heat therapy."
– Dr Sheldon
Nov 14 at 5:49
Also, post-flight: "The Apollo 15 Commander had hemorrhages under some of his fingernails of both hands and a painful right shoulder. These hemorrhages were attributed to an insufficient arm-length size of his pressure suit which caused the fingertips to be forced too far into the gloves during hardsuit operations. The painful right shoulder was due to a muscular/ligament strain which responded rapidly to heat therapy."
– Dr Sheldon
Nov 14 at 5:49
5
5
@Criggie I looked up a random UK supermarket aspirin and it was 300mg per pill and said that a dose was 1-3 pills, not more than every four hours and not more than 4 doses in 24hrs. So, yeah, it's possible to take a lot of aspirin pills in a short time, and even more with medical advice, which the Apollo astronauts would have had plenty of access to.
– David Richerby
2 days ago
@Criggie I looked up a random UK supermarket aspirin and it was 300mg per pill and said that a dose was 1-3 pills, not more than every four hours and not more than 4 doses in 24hrs. So, yeah, it's possible to take a lot of aspirin pills in a short time, and even more with medical advice, which the Apollo astronauts would have had plenty of access to.
– David Richerby
2 days ago
|
show 7 more comments
up vote
18
down vote
Fear and claustrophobia are not in-flight issues.
- astronauts spend years training inside spacecraft mockups, any claustrophobia issues will have surfaced before flight.
- Fear is mitigated by training for every possible emergency. During launch, astronauts are calm because they know what to do if anything bad should happen (source: lecture by astronaut André Kuipers).
People who have fear and anxiety issues wash out during training, or conquer their fears.
We're looking for long answers that provide some explanation and context. Don't just give a one-line answer; explain why your answer is right, ideally with citations. Answers that don't include explanations may be removed.
8
This answer does provide some explanation and context. It is not a one-line answer. I should not be removed.
– Uwe
yesterday
add a comment |
up vote
18
down vote
Fear and claustrophobia are not in-flight issues.
- astronauts spend years training inside spacecraft mockups, any claustrophobia issues will have surfaced before flight.
- Fear is mitigated by training for every possible emergency. During launch, astronauts are calm because they know what to do if anything bad should happen (source: lecture by astronaut André Kuipers).
People who have fear and anxiety issues wash out during training, or conquer their fears.
We're looking for long answers that provide some explanation and context. Don't just give a one-line answer; explain why your answer is right, ideally with citations. Answers that don't include explanations may be removed.
8
This answer does provide some explanation and context. It is not a one-line answer. I should not be removed.
– Uwe
yesterday
add a comment |
up vote
18
down vote
up vote
18
down vote
Fear and claustrophobia are not in-flight issues.
- astronauts spend years training inside spacecraft mockups, any claustrophobia issues will have surfaced before flight.
- Fear is mitigated by training for every possible emergency. During launch, astronauts are calm because they know what to do if anything bad should happen (source: lecture by astronaut André Kuipers).
People who have fear and anxiety issues wash out during training, or conquer their fears.
Fear and claustrophobia are not in-flight issues.
- astronauts spend years training inside spacecraft mockups, any claustrophobia issues will have surfaced before flight.
- Fear is mitigated by training for every possible emergency. During launch, astronauts are calm because they know what to do if anything bad should happen (source: lecture by astronaut André Kuipers).
People who have fear and anxiety issues wash out during training, or conquer their fears.
answered Nov 13 at 16:26
Hobbes
81.6k2223365
81.6k2223365
We're looking for long answers that provide some explanation and context. Don't just give a one-line answer; explain why your answer is right, ideally with citations. Answers that don't include explanations may be removed.
We're looking for long answers that provide some explanation and context. Don't just give a one-line answer; explain why your answer is right, ideally with citations. Answers that don't include explanations may be removed.
8
This answer does provide some explanation and context. It is not a one-line answer. I should not be removed.
– Uwe
yesterday
add a comment |
8
This answer does provide some explanation and context. It is not a one-line answer. I should not be removed.
– Uwe
yesterday
8
8
This answer does provide some explanation and context. It is not a one-line answer. I should not be removed.
– Uwe
yesterday
This answer does provide some explanation and context. It is not a one-line answer. I should not be removed.
– Uwe
yesterday
add a comment |
up vote
4
down vote
"Calm their nerves" is a rather vague term. Severe space motion sickness is a major factor in space flight, and can be completely debilitating. This is a form of nervous system over-activity. Many of the drugs used to treat it on the flight line are mild relaxants, and commonly deployed.
Good review of space motion sickness in Lackner, J.R. & DiZio, P. Exp Brain Res (2006) 175: 377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0697-y
OK review of treatments in Davis, et al., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine [01 Mar 1993, 64(3 Pt 1):230-233]
@uhoh OP said "beyond my understanding", so I asked what he didn't understand. What's the better way to ask the question?
– RonJohn
yesterday
@RonJohn Well, since no one had used the expression "inflammatory wording" yet in reference to the original question, it would have been better if you had said something along these lines: "It comes across as inflammatory because...." The way you asked it comes across as passive-aggressive.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
@called2voyage the question's edit history shows this comment: "replaced 'drugs' with less inflammatory wording".
– RonJohn
yesterday
@RonJohn I wouldn't expect the OP to have seen the edit label.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
1
@RonJohn In any case, I don't think continuing this discussion is fruitful. The point is that you crossed a line. Please try to reframe your dialogue in the future.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
|
show 2 more comments
up vote
4
down vote
"Calm their nerves" is a rather vague term. Severe space motion sickness is a major factor in space flight, and can be completely debilitating. This is a form of nervous system over-activity. Many of the drugs used to treat it on the flight line are mild relaxants, and commonly deployed.
Good review of space motion sickness in Lackner, J.R. & DiZio, P. Exp Brain Res (2006) 175: 377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0697-y
OK review of treatments in Davis, et al., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine [01 Mar 1993, 64(3 Pt 1):230-233]
@uhoh OP said "beyond my understanding", so I asked what he didn't understand. What's the better way to ask the question?
– RonJohn
yesterday
@RonJohn Well, since no one had used the expression "inflammatory wording" yet in reference to the original question, it would have been better if you had said something along these lines: "It comes across as inflammatory because...." The way you asked it comes across as passive-aggressive.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
@called2voyage the question's edit history shows this comment: "replaced 'drugs' with less inflammatory wording".
– RonJohn
yesterday
@RonJohn I wouldn't expect the OP to have seen the edit label.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
1
@RonJohn In any case, I don't think continuing this discussion is fruitful. The point is that you crossed a line. Please try to reframe your dialogue in the future.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
|
show 2 more comments
up vote
4
down vote
up vote
4
down vote
"Calm their nerves" is a rather vague term. Severe space motion sickness is a major factor in space flight, and can be completely debilitating. This is a form of nervous system over-activity. Many of the drugs used to treat it on the flight line are mild relaxants, and commonly deployed.
Good review of space motion sickness in Lackner, J.R. & DiZio, P. Exp Brain Res (2006) 175: 377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0697-y
OK review of treatments in Davis, et al., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine [01 Mar 1993, 64(3 Pt 1):230-233]
"Calm their nerves" is a rather vague term. Severe space motion sickness is a major factor in space flight, and can be completely debilitating. This is a form of nervous system over-activity. Many of the drugs used to treat it on the flight line are mild relaxants, and commonly deployed.
Good review of space motion sickness in Lackner, J.R. & DiZio, P. Exp Brain Res (2006) 175: 377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0697-y
OK review of treatments in Davis, et al., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine [01 Mar 1993, 64(3 Pt 1):230-233]
edited 2 days ago
answered 2 days ago
Scott Seidman
1814
1814
@uhoh OP said "beyond my understanding", so I asked what he didn't understand. What's the better way to ask the question?
– RonJohn
yesterday
@RonJohn Well, since no one had used the expression "inflammatory wording" yet in reference to the original question, it would have been better if you had said something along these lines: "It comes across as inflammatory because...." The way you asked it comes across as passive-aggressive.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
@called2voyage the question's edit history shows this comment: "replaced 'drugs' with less inflammatory wording".
– RonJohn
yesterday
@RonJohn I wouldn't expect the OP to have seen the edit label.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
1
@RonJohn In any case, I don't think continuing this discussion is fruitful. The point is that you crossed a line. Please try to reframe your dialogue in the future.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
|
show 2 more comments
@uhoh OP said "beyond my understanding", so I asked what he didn't understand. What's the better way to ask the question?
– RonJohn
yesterday
@RonJohn Well, since no one had used the expression "inflammatory wording" yet in reference to the original question, it would have been better if you had said something along these lines: "It comes across as inflammatory because...." The way you asked it comes across as passive-aggressive.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
@called2voyage the question's edit history shows this comment: "replaced 'drugs' with less inflammatory wording".
– RonJohn
yesterday
@RonJohn I wouldn't expect the OP to have seen the edit label.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
1
@RonJohn In any case, I don't think continuing this discussion is fruitful. The point is that you crossed a line. Please try to reframe your dialogue in the future.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
@uhoh OP said "beyond my understanding", so I asked what he didn't understand. What's the better way to ask the question?
– RonJohn
yesterday
@uhoh OP said "beyond my understanding", so I asked what he didn't understand. What's the better way to ask the question?
– RonJohn
yesterday
@RonJohn Well, since no one had used the expression "inflammatory wording" yet in reference to the original question, it would have been better if you had said something along these lines: "It comes across as inflammatory because...." The way you asked it comes across as passive-aggressive.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
@RonJohn Well, since no one had used the expression "inflammatory wording" yet in reference to the original question, it would have been better if you had said something along these lines: "It comes across as inflammatory because...." The way you asked it comes across as passive-aggressive.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
@called2voyage the question's edit history shows this comment: "replaced 'drugs' with less inflammatory wording".
– RonJohn
yesterday
@called2voyage the question's edit history shows this comment: "replaced 'drugs' with less inflammatory wording".
– RonJohn
yesterday
@RonJohn I wouldn't expect the OP to have seen the edit label.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
@RonJohn I wouldn't expect the OP to have seen the edit label.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
1
1
@RonJohn In any case, I don't think continuing this discussion is fruitful. The point is that you crossed a line. Please try to reframe your dialogue in the future.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
@RonJohn In any case, I don't think continuing this discussion is fruitful. The point is that you crossed a line. Please try to reframe your dialogue in the future.
– called2voyage♦
yesterday
|
show 2 more comments
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22
Since most of the Apollo crews were test pilots suspect those with any tendency to panic or freeze were already dead. The list of medication carried is at history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_18-42_Apollo_Medical_Kits.htm but would involve digging deeper to find out what was used (decongestants have been mentioned). some answers at history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/…
– GremlinWranger
Nov 13 at 12:23
4
NASA has always been touchy about giving out medical information on the crew.
– Organic Marble
Nov 13 at 15:05
1
@uhoh : Yes. You have to have been born with the natural genetic aptitude to not get into fear, so this probably won't change until we can develop transhumanist bio-engineering technologies, dinking around with the wetware so to speak. Like the climber Alex Honnold (look up if don't know) - his natural disposition would suit astronaut perfectly, and that's who you want to find for these missions.
– The_Sympathizer
Nov 14 at 4:33
1
Taking medication to overcome conditions like fear or claustrophobia or to calm their nerves would result in an astronaut unfit for flight, especially for emergency situations. Just read the paper within the medication box about risks and adverse effects.
– Uwe
2 days ago